Updated
PERM occupation, SOC 15-2021.00, #564 of 1,410 by filings
Mathematicians
- Biggest sponsor
- Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. · 15% of its filings
- Busiest state
- NY · 31% of its filings
- Major group
- Computer and mathematical · SOC 15
Weighing an offer for this job?
Where it falls among certified offers, and the four wage levels DOL sets for it by area.
Too few cases for a rate
25 decided filings: too few for an approval rate.
Why
Across every PERM case DOL decided in this window, 3.20% were denied. At that rate a file this size comes back clean most of the time whatever the occupation did, so a percentage would be a fact about how few cases there are. Telling a clean record apart from the field takes about 117 decided cases.
Median wage
$110,071
all PERM $103,272
Filings
26
#564 of 1,410
Approval
Not shown
withheld: 25 decided
Median days
492
15 slower than the field
What it pays
Where its median offer sits among every occupation, then the whole ladder of certified offers by year and by state.
Median offered wage
$110,071median of 26 filings, too few decided to rank
Approval rate
not shownunder 30 decided
Median days to decision
492 daysmiddle of 25 decided, too few to rank
Each bar counts occupations at that value. More
Who files it
The sponsors and firms with the most PERM filings under this code, the places the work sits, and who the workers were.
Sponsors filing it
- Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. 4 filings
- MPG Operations LLC 3 filings
- Afiniti, Inc. 2 filings
- Insycom. Inc. 2 filings
- Modulus Labs, Inc. 2 filings
- Castle Point Learning Systems Corporation 1 filings
How this is counted
The employers with the most applications under this code. 14 of 26 filings, 54% of the total.
Firms filing it
- Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. 4 filings
- Quarles & Brady LLP 4 filings
- DiSisto Law, PC 2 filings
- Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy, LLP 2 filings
- Tafapolsky & Smith LLP 2 filings
- Wolfsdorf Rosenthal, LLP (WR Immigration) 2 filings
How this is counted
The law firms named on the most applications under this code. 16 of 26 filings, 62% of the total.
Where the jobs are
- New York 8
- California 7
- North Carolina 3
- District of Columbia 2
- Florida 2
- Massachusetts 2
How this is counted
The worksite state on the application, which is where the job is and not where the company is headquartered. Volume by state across everyone is on the state map. These 6 states cover 24 of 26 filings.
Where the work is
- New York, NY 7
- Charlotte, NC 3
- Palo Alto, CA 2
- Sunnyvale, CA 2
- Waltham, MA 2
- Washington, DC 2
How this is counted
The worksite city on the application, which is where the job is. These 6 cities cover 18 of 26 filings.
- Every sponsor that files it, by state, approval rate, offered wage and time to a decision
- Every filing for it, PERM, wage requests and H-1B, case by case
Newspapers it advertised in
- 9 cases
The New York Times
- 4 cases
San Francisco Chronicle
- 3 cases
The Charlotte Observer
- 3 cases
The Mercury News
- 2 cases
The Washington Post
- 1 cases
The Boston Globe
How this is counted
The newspaper or professional journal named for each case's two print ads, one count per paper per case, however the filer spelled it.
Additional steps it used
- 25 cases
Job search websites
- 20 cases
Local or ethnic newspapers
- 13 cases
The employer's website
- 10 cases
Trade or professional organizations
- 5 cases
Employee referral programs
- 4 cases
Radio or TV ads
How this is counted
The steps a professional job needs beyond the job order and the ads, by the number of cases that name each.
How long before filing it began
- 0.0%
Under 30 days
- 0.0%
30 to 59 days
- 23%
60 to 89 days
- 31%
90 to 119 days
- 23%
120 to 149 days
- 23%
150 to 180 days
- 0.0%
Over 180 days
How this is counted
Days from the first recruitment step to the filing. 20 C.F.R. § 656.17(e) puts the job order and ads 30 to 180 days before filing.
The job itself
What O*NET says the work is, what the market pays it by BLS's survey, its outlook, and DOL's wage levels year by year.
- United States2,030 jobs
- New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJNew York
- San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CAPalo Alto, Sunnyvale
- Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SCCharlotte
- Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NHWaltham
- Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WVWashington
- middle half of pay (BLS)
- median
- 10th to 90th percentile
- DOL's Levels I to IV, left to right
- median PERM offer
| Area | BLS median | Level I | Level II | Level III | Level IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $126,710 | ||||
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | $113,590 | $80,746 | $112,653 | $144,560 | $176,467 |
| San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA | — | $81,224 | $92,643 | $104,062 | $115,482 |
| Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC | — | $77,522 | $103,272 | $129,002 | $154,752 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH | $104,190 | $76,378 | $89,918 | $103,459 | $117,000 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV | $164,470 | $100,485 | $128,856 | $157,206 | $185,578 |
How these figures fit together
BLS surveys employers on what they pay everyone in a job; DOL builds its four levels from the same survey a year later (the July 2026 wage year uses BLS's May 2025 estimates). DOL publishes levels by area, not nationally, so the United States line has none. Levels are hourly in DOL's tables; here they're shown a year at 2,080 hours, as DOL computes them. The metros are the ones holding the most of this job's PERM filings, placed by Census's county files.
The block is the middle half of what employers report paying everyone in this job, citizen or not; the ticks under it are DOL's four prevailing wage levels for that metro, the floors a PERM or H-1B offer is held to. More
DOL's levels for this job in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ, year by year
Each July DOL resets the four levels from BLS's newest survey. A determination keeps the figures of the year it was issued in.
| Wage year | Level I | Level II | Level III | Level IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | $80,746 | $112,653 | $144,560 | $176,467 |
| 2025-26 | $78,125 | $95,638 | $113,131 | $130,645 |
| 2024-25 | $72,446 | $95,597 | $118,726 | $141,877 |
| 2023-24 | $68,515 | $93,496 | $118,477 | $143,458 |
| 2022-23 | $63,357 | $92,685 | $121,992 | $151,320 |
| 2021-22 | $67,330 | $94,973 | $122,637 | $150,280 |
What the job is
Conduct research in fundamental mathematics or in application of mathematical techniques to science, management, and other fields. Solve problems in various fields using mathematical methods.
- Preparation
- Extensive Preparation Needed
- O*NET Job Zone 5
- DOL's education basis
- Master's degree
- Wage year 2026-27, on DOL's Appendix A list
- Jobs, 2025 to 2035
- +0.6%
- About 100 openings a year (BLS)
- Typical entry
- Master's degree
- BLS
The work, most important first
- Mentor others on mathematical techniques.
- Maintain knowledge in the field by reading professional journals, talking with other mathematicians, and attending professional conferences.
- Develop new principles and new relationships between existing mathematical principles to advance mathematical science.
- Disseminate research by writing reports, publishing papers, or presenting at professional conferences.
- Assemble sets of assumptions, and explore the consequences of each set.
- Perform computations and apply methods of numerical analysis to data.
The education workers in it report
- 10%
Bachelor's Degree
- 25%
Master's Degree
- 5%
Post-Master's Certificate
- 5%
First Professional Degree - awarded for completion of a program that: requires at least 2 years of college work before entrance into the program, includes a total of at least 6 academic years of work to complete, and provides all remaining academic requirements to begin practice in a profession.
- 45%
Doctoral Degree
- 10%
Post-Doctoral Training
Titles people use for it
Computational Scientist, Cryptographer, Mathematician, Research Scientist, Agent-Based Modeler, Computational Mathematician, Cryptographic Vulnerability Analyst, Research Computing Specialist.
Related jobs: Data Scientists, Physicists, Statisticians, Computer and Information Research Scientists, Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary, Bioinformatics Scientists.
This section includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database and O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. PERM Tracker has modified some of this information (the shares are rounded and only the top tasks are shown); what changed. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Against other jobs
Where this sits in the ranking
Ranked 564 of 1,410 by volume: 563 filed at least as many filings, and 846 filed no more.
- Just above
- Recreation Workers 26 filings
- Just below
- Physicians, All Other 26 filings
Other computer and mathematical roles
Occupations sharing this one's SOC major group, which is carried in the first two digits of the code. More
Occupations sharing this one's SOC major group, which is carried in the first two digits of the code. Wages inside a group still swing hard, because the group holds every seniority level and every metro.
- #559 Information Technology Project Managers 27 filings · none denied
- #532 Document Management Specialists 32 filings · none denied
- #599 Computer User Support Specialists 23 filings · 6 denied
- #600 Computer Systems Analysts, R&D 22 filings · none denied
- #526 Blockchain Engineers 34 filings · 1 denied
- #604 Bioinformatics Technicians 22 filings · 1 denied
The same job on H-1B
2,042 certified H-1B labor condition applications for this occupation since FY2020, offering a median of $113,844 a year; the middle half ran $84,287 to $150,000. By state and year in the salary explorer.
Notes on these numbers
Reading the wage
A floor, not a salary survey: every level and metro mixed. DOL's four wage levels for this job, by area.
What the median is
The median wage employers committed to in federal filings for this occupation. It mixes every experience level and every metro, and it's a floor: the employer must offer at least the prevailing wage DOL determines for the occupation, level and county. Across all PERM filings the middle half of offered wages runs $45,178 to $141,357, so a figure inside that band is unremarkable whichever occupation it belongs to. The levels page reads DOL's OFLC wage search live.
What these numbers don't say
4 notes
- The code is the identity
- This one is SOC 15-2021.00. Two SOC codes can carry the same job title, so a title that looks duplicated on the ranking is two different occupations. Match on the code when you're checking a specific filing.
- A median isn’t an offer
- It's the middle of all 26 wages committed to for this occupation across the country, entry level and principal alike. The same role's medians swing hard by worksite, which the state map shows directly.
- Approval isn’t about the occupation
- The denial rate moves with what happened in the filing rather than with the job title, so nothing here is a property of Mathematicians. The measured factors are on the denial risk page, published as separate rates.
- Nothing here is pending
- All 26 counted here carry a decision date, because every case in DOL's disclosure files does, so a case still waiting is in none of them. The largest filer of this occupation is Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.. Where the queue stands today is on the processing times page.
The window these figures cover: DOL's PERM disclosure files for fiscal years 2024 to 2026, through the third quarter of 2026, 373,939 decided cases. Nothing pending is counted here. How each figure is built
Weighing an offer?
Compare it against this median, then check the state map, where the same occupation's medians swing hard by worksite.
Setting one?
All 1,410 occupations sort together on the wages page, and denial rates show how outcome moves with the offered wage.
Filings newer than DOL's last published file can't be attributed to this occupation until DOL publishes them. The live list on the case search page carries them by employer.
Case data: DOL quarterly disclosure files (flag.dol.gov) · data through Jun 30, 2026 · quarterly
Employers and firms: Derived from the disclosure corpus · data through Aug 26, 2026 · rebuilt with each quarterly ingest
O*NET occupation data: O*NET Database, USDOL/ETA (onetcenter.org) · data through Aug 16, 2026 · twice a year
BLS market pay: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (bls.gov) · data through May 31, 2025 · yearly, each spring
BLS employment projections: BLS Employment Projections (bls.gov) · data through Dec 31, 2025 · yearly, each autumn
DOL wage tables: DOL OFLC wage data downloads (flag.dol.gov) · data through Jul 1, 2026 · yearly, each july
What each source includes
Case data: Decided PERM cases only. A case still waiting isn't in here, so counts and durations describe finished cases.
Employers and firms: Employers, law firms and occupations ranked from decided cases only.
O*NET occupation data: What O*NET says each occupation is and takes: its description, tasks, Job Zone and the education workers report. A description of the job everywhere, not of any one employer's opening.
BLS market pay: What employers report paying everyone in each job, nationally, by state and by metro, from BLS's yearly survey (May of the year named). Citizens and immigrants alike; not PERM offers.
BLS employment projections: BLS's ten-year projection of each job's employment and yearly openings, and the entry education it calls typical. A projection, not a count.
DOL wage tables: The four prevailing wage levels DOL publishes for every job in every area, each wage year from 2021-22, as DOL's own tables print them. The floors an offer is held to, not what anyone was paid.
Cite this page
Waiting on a PERM case?
- When it'll likely be decided
- An email when DOL moves it