Updated
PERM occupation, SOC 15-1243.01, #30 of 1,410 by filings
Data Warehousing Specialists
- Biggest sponsor
- Caremark LLC · 3% of its filings
- Busiest state
- CA · 19% of its filings
- Major group
- Computer and mathematical · SOC 15
Weighing an offer for this job?
Where it falls among certified offers, and the four wage levels DOL sets for it by area.
Median wage
$143,895
all PERM $103,272
Filings
2,350
#30 of 1,410
Approval
99.0%
field 96.8%
Median days
481
4 slower than the field
What it pays
Where its median offer sits among every occupation, then the whole ladder of certified offers by year and by state.
Median offered wage
$143,895above 91%
Approval rate
99.0%ahead of 84%
Median days to decision
481 daysahead of 36%
Each bar counts occupations at that value. More
- 5th to 95th
- 25th to 75th
- Median
- 10th and 90th
FY2024
$145,750 median · 296 certified cases
FY2025
$143,300 median · 1,094 certified cases
FY2026
$143,458 median · 865 certified cases
- 10th
- $105,783
- -5.1% since FY2024
- Median
- $143,458
- -1.6% since FY2024
- 90th
- $177,346
- -1.7% since FY2024
- 95th
- $196,685
- -1.2% since FY2024
These years are not measuring the same group of filings. The count moves by 3.7 times between the largest year and the smallest, so a change in the ladder is at least partly a change in which employers filed rather than a change in what the work pays. Read the shape, not the difference.
| Fiscal year | Cases | 5th | 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | 95th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2024 | 296 | $100,918 | $111,504 | $126,052 | $145,750 | $163,758 | $180,476 | $199,098 |
| FY2025 | 1,094 | $89,690 | $102,563 | $119,453 | $143,300 | $160,000 | $188,698 | $199,244 |
| FY2026 | 865 | $95,614 | $105,783 | $120,890 | $143,458 | $163,966 | $177,346 | $196,685 |
A median answers whether pay moved. More
- 5th to 95th
- 25th to 75th
- Median
- 10th and 90th
CA
$166,000 median · 443 certified cases
TX
$148,512 median · 334 certified cases
| State | Cases | 5th | 10th | 25th | Median | 75th | 90th | 95th |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA | 443 | $114,100 | $123,906 | $143,250 | $166,000 | $197,282 | $210,314 | $215,177 |
| TX | 334 | $104,602 | $116,782 | $122,537 | $148,512 | $157,352 | $163,966 | $180,085 |
One SOC code, one federal process, and a wage range that moves with the state. More
Who files it
The sponsors and firms with the most PERM filings under this code, the places the work sits, and who the workers were.
Sponsors filing it
- Caremark LLC 59 filings · 100.0% approved
- WAL-MART ASSOCIATES, INC. 49 filings · 100.0% approved
- Deloitte Consulting LLP 39 filings · 100.0% approved
- Aetna Resources LLC 34 filings · 100.0% approved
- Meta Platforms, Inc. 31 filings · 100.0% approved
- United Services Automobile Association 31 filings · 80.6% approved
How this is counted
The employers with the most applications under this code. 243 of 2,350 filings, 10% of the total.
Firms filing it
- Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy, LLP 321 filings · 100.0% approved
- Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP 209 filings · 96.1% approved
- Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C. 179 filings · 100.0% approved
- Corporate Immigration Partners, P.C. 100 filings · 100.0% approved
- Erickson Immigration Group 53 filings · 98.1% approved
- THE LAW FIRM OF SIM, PARVATHANENI AND BROWN PLLC 51 filings · 100.0% approved
How this is counted
The law firms named on the most applications under this code. 913 of 2,350 filings, 39% of the total.
Where the jobs are
- California 457
- Texas 349
- Illinois 158
- New York 138
- Massachusetts 129
- New Jersey 112
How this is counted
The worksite state on the application, which is where the job is and not where the company is headquartered. Volume by state across everyone is on the state map. These 6 states cover 1,343 of 2,350 filings.
Where the work is
- New York, NY 110
- San Francisco, CA 106
- Chicago, IL 75
- Irving, TX 60
- Charlotte, NC 59
- Dallas, TX 58
How this is counted
The worksite city on the application, which is where the job is. These 6 cities cover 468 of 2,350 filings.
- Every sponsor that files it, by state, approval rate, offered wage and time to a decision
- Every filing for it, PERM, wage requests and H-1B, case by case
Newspapers it advertised in
- 203 cases
The Dallas Morning News
- 203 cases
San Francisco Chronicle
- 102 cases
The New York Times
- 80 cases
Chicago Sun-Times
- 76 cases
The Mercury News
- 76 cases
The Star-Ledger
How this is counted
The newspaper or professional journal named for each case's two print ads, one count per paper per case, however the filer spelled it.
Additional steps it used
- 1,923 cases
Job search websites
- 1,345 cases
Local or ethnic newspapers
- 1,302 cases
The employer's website
- 664 cases
Employee referral programs
- 424 cases
Radio or TV ads
- 324 cases
Trade or professional organizations
How this is counted
The steps a professional job needs beyond the job order and the ads, by the number of cases that name each.
How long before filing it began
- 0.0%
Under 30 days
- 0.0%
30 to 59 days
- 17%
60 to 89 days
- 25%
90 to 119 days
- 19%
120 to 149 days
- 37%
150 to 180 days
- 0.6%
Over 180 days
How this is counted
Days from the first recruitment step to the filing. 20 C.F.R. § 656.17(e) puts the job order and ads 30 to 180 days before filing.
Who filled these jobs, FY2016 to FY2023
From DOL's old form; the form in use since mid-2023 doesn't carry them. Top six of each.
Country of citizenship
- India 40
- China 3
- Nepal 3
- Bangladesh 1
- Kazakhstan 1
- Pakistan 1
Worker's education
- Master's 34
- Bachelor's 17
Visa held when filed
- H-1B 45
- F-1 6
Schools
- ANNA UNIVERSITY 3
- CLARK UNIVERSITY 2
- UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL MISSOURI 2
- UNIVERSITY OF KERALA 2
- VISVESWARAIAH TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2
- ANDHRA UNIVERSITY 1
Fields of study
- COMPUTER SCIENCE 14
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3
- SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 3
- COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2
- COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2
- ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING 2
The job itself
What O*NET says the work is, what the market pays it by BLS's survey, its outlook, and DOL's wage levels year by year.
- United States67,140 jobs
- Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TXIrving, Dallas
- New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJNew York
- San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CASan Francisco
- Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-INChicago
- Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SCCharlotte
- middle half of pay (BLS)
- median
- 10th to 90th percentile
- DOL's Levels I to IV, left to right
- median PERM offer
| Area | BLS median | Level I | Level II | Level III | Level IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $139,500 | ||||
| Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX | $154,770 | $102,960 | $125,362 | $147,742 | $170,144 |
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | $131,540 | $86,882 | $113,506 | $140,130 | $166,754 |
| San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA | $175,860 | $138,382 | $168,418 | $198,432 | $228,467 |
| Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN | $147,490 | $102,918 | $124,384 | $145,870 | $167,336 |
| Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC | $138,870 | $101,504 | $122,096 | $142,667 | $163,259 |
How these figures fit together
BLS surveys employers on what they pay everyone in a job; DOL builds its four levels from the same survey a year later (the July 2026 wage year uses BLS's May 2025 estimates). DOL publishes levels by area, not nationally, so the United States line has none. Levels are hourly in DOL's tables; here they're shown a year at 2,080 hours, as DOL computes them. The metros are the ones holding the most of this job's PERM filings, placed by Census's county files.
The block is the middle half of what employers report paying everyone in this job, citizen or not; the ticks under it are DOL's four prevailing wage levels for that metro, the floors a PERM or H-1B offer is held to. More
DOL's levels for this job in Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX, year by year
Each July DOL resets the four levels from BLS's newest survey. A determination keeps the figures of the year it was issued in.
| Wage year | Level I | Level II | Level III | Level IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | $102,960 | $125,362 | $147,742 | $170,144 |
| 2025-26 | $92,872 | $114,379 | $135,907 | $157,414 |
| 2024-25 | $102,440 | $122,949 | $143,458 | $163,966 |
| 2023-24 | $102,669 | $120,890 | $139,131 | $157,352 |
| 2022-23 | $94,682 | $112,632 | $130,562 | $148,512 |
What the job is
Design strategies for enterprise databases, data warehouse systems, and multidimensional networks. Set standards for database operations, programming, query processes, and security. Model, design, and construct large relational databases or data warehouses. Create and optimize data models for warehouse infrastructure and workflow. Integrate new systems with existing warehouse structure and refine system performance and functionality.
- Preparation
- Considerable Preparation Needed
- O*NET Job Zone 4
- DOL's education basis
- Bachelor's degree
- Wage year 2026-27, on DOL's Appendix A list
- Jobs, 2025 to 2035
- +9.4%
- About 3,900 openings a year (BLS)
- Typical entry
- Bachelor's degree
- Less than 5 years of related work (BLS)
Bright Outlook O*NET OnLine lists this job for rapid growth.
The work, most important first
- Develop and document database architectures.
- Collaborate with system architects, software architects, design analysts, and others to understand business or industry requirements.
- Develop database architectural strategies at the modeling, design and implementation stages to address business or industry requirements.
- Design databases to support business applications, ensuring system scalability, security, performance, and reliability.
- Develop data models for applications, metadata tables, views or related database structures.
- Design database applications, such as interfaces, data transfer mechanisms, global temporary tables, data partitions, and function-based indexes to enable efficient access of the generic database structure.
The education workers in it report
- 76%
Bachelor's Degree
- 14%
Master's Degree
Titles people use for it
Database Analyst, Database Developer, Database Programmer, Information Architect, Data Architect, Data Engineer, Data Officer, Database Architect.
O*NET also describes Data Warehousing Specialists under this SOC code.
Related jobs: Database Administrators, Data Warehousing Specialists, Software Developers, Computer Systems Analysts, Computer Systems Engineers/Architects, Blockchain Engineers.
This section includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database and O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. PERM Tracker has modified some of this information (the shares are rounded and only the top tasks are shown); what changed. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Against other jobs
Where this sits in the ranking
Ranked 30 of 1,410 by volume: 29 filed at least as many filings, and 1,380 filed no more.
- Just above
- Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners 2,363 filings
- Just below
- Software Developers, Systems Software 2,284 filings
Other computer and mathematical roles
Occupations sharing this one's SOC major group, which is carried in the first two digits of the code. More
Occupations sharing this one's SOC major group, which is carried in the first two digits of the code. Wages inside a group still swing hard, because the group holds every seniority level and every metro.
- #31 Software Developers, Systems Software 2,284 filings · 113 denied
- #35 Information Security Analysts 1,982 filings · 27 denied
- #36 Database Architects 1,893 filings · 18 denied
- #22 Computer Occupations, All Other 2,605 filings · 95 denied
- #40 Network and Computer Systems Administrators 1,571 filings · 33 denied
- #43 Computer Programmers 1,436 filings · 35 denied
The same job on H-1B
16,085 certified H-1B labor condition applications for this occupation since FY2020, offering a median of $135,907 a year; the middle half ran $115,750 to $160,000. By state and year in the salary explorer.
Notes on these numbers
Reading the wage
A floor, not a salary survey: every level and metro mixed. DOL's four wage levels for this job, by area.
What the median is
The median wage employers committed to in federal filings for this occupation. It mixes every experience level and every metro, and it's a floor: the employer must offer at least the prevailing wage DOL determines for the occupation, level and county. Across all PERM filings the middle half of offered wages runs $45,178 to $141,357, so a figure inside that band is unremarkable whichever occupation it belongs to. The levels page reads DOL's OFLC wage search live.
What these numbers don't say
4 notes
- The code is the identity
- This one is SOC 15-1243.01. Two SOC codes can carry the same job title, so a title that looks duplicated on the ranking is two different occupations. Match on the code when you're checking a specific filing.
- A median isn’t an offer
- It's the middle of all 2,350 wages committed to for this occupation across the country, entry level and principal alike. The same role's medians swing hard by worksite, which the state map shows directly.
- Approval isn’t about the occupation
- The denial rate moves with what happened in the filing rather than with the job title, so nothing here is a property of Data Warehousing Specialists. The measured factors are on the denial risk page, published as separate rates.
- Nothing here is pending
- All 2,350 counted here carry a decision date, because every case in DOL's disclosure files does, so a case still waiting is in none of them. The largest filer of this occupation is Caremark LLC. Where the queue stands today is on the processing times page.
The window these figures cover: DOL's PERM disclosure files for fiscal years 2024 to 2026, through the third quarter of 2026, 373,939 decided cases. Nothing pending is counted here. How each figure is built
Weighing an offer?
Compare it against this median, then check the state map, where the same occupation's medians swing hard by worksite.
Setting one?
All 1,410 occupations sort together on the wages page, and denial rates show how outcome moves with the offered wage.
Filings newer than DOL's last published file can't be attributed to this occupation until DOL publishes them. The live list on the case search page carries them by employer.
Case data: DOL quarterly disclosure files (flag.dol.gov) · data through Jun 30, 2026 · quarterly
Employers and firms: Derived from the disclosure corpus · data through Aug 26, 2026 · rebuilt with each quarterly ingest
O*NET occupation data: O*NET Database, USDOL/ETA (onetcenter.org) · data through Aug 16, 2026 · twice a year
BLS market pay: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (bls.gov) · data through May 31, 2025 · yearly, each spring
BLS employment projections: BLS Employment Projections (bls.gov) · data through Dec 31, 2025 · yearly, each autumn
DOL wage tables: DOL OFLC wage data downloads (flag.dol.gov) · data through Jul 1, 2026 · yearly, each july
What each source includes
Case data: Decided PERM cases only. A case still waiting isn't in here, so counts and durations describe finished cases.
Employers and firms: Employers, law firms and occupations ranked from decided cases only.
O*NET occupation data: What O*NET says each occupation is and takes: its description, tasks, Job Zone and the education workers report. A description of the job everywhere, not of any one employer's opening.
BLS market pay: What employers report paying everyone in each job, nationally, by state and by metro, from BLS's yearly survey (May of the year named). Citizens and immigrants alike; not PERM offers.
BLS employment projections: BLS's ten-year projection of each job's employment and yearly openings, and the entry education it calls typical. A projection, not a count.
DOL wage tables: The four prevailing wage levels DOL publishes for every job in every area, each wage year from 2021-22, as DOL's own tables print them. The floors an offer is held to, not what anyone was paid.
Cite this page
Waiting on a PERM case?
- When it'll likely be decided
- An email when DOL moves it