Updated
PERM occupation, SOC 11-3131, #561 of 1,410 by filings
Training and Development Managers
- Biggest sponsor
- AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC · 15% of its filings
- Busiest state
- NY · 19% of its filings
- Major group
- Management · SOC 11
Weighing an offer for this job?
Where it falls among certified offers, and the four wage levels DOL sets for it by area.
Too few cases for a rate
27 decided filings: too few for an approval rate.
Why
Across every PERM case DOL decided in this window, 3.20% were denied. At that rate a file this size comes back clean most of the time whatever the occupation did, so a percentage would be a fact about how few cases there are. Telling a clean record apart from the field takes about 117 decided cases.
Median wage
$146,515
all PERM $103,272
Filings
27
#561 of 1,410
Approval
Not shown
withheld: 27 decided
Median days
391
86 faster than the field
What it pays
Where its median offer sits among every occupation, then the whole ladder of certified offers by year and by state.
Median offered wage
$146,515median of 27 filings, too few decided to rank
Approval rate
not shownunder 30 decided
Median days to decision
391 daysmiddle of 27 decided, too few to rank
Each bar counts occupations at that value. More
Who files it
The sponsors and firms with the most PERM filings under this code, the places the work sits, and who the workers were.
Sponsors filing it
- AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC 4 filings
- AERIAL SIGN INC 1 filings
- AIMBRIDGE EMPLOYEE SERVICE CORP. 1 filings
- AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES 1 filings
- APPSFLYER 1 filings
- ATR AMERICAS, INC. 1 filings
How this is counted
The employers with the most applications under this code. 9 of 27 filings, 33% of the total.
Firms filing it
- Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen Loewy, LLP 8 filings
- Berry Appleman Leiden LLP 2 filings
- Corporate Immigration Partners, LLP 1 filings
- Dehai Tao P.C. 1 filings
- Farrell LLP 1 filings
- Ferrante PLLC 1 filings
How this is counted
The law firms named on the most applications under this code. 14 of 27 filings, 52% of the total.
Where the jobs are
- New York 5
- Texas 5
- Massachusetts 4
- California 3
- Florida 3
- Illinois 2
How this is counted
The worksite state on the application, which is where the job is and not where the company is headquartered. Volume by state across everyone is on the state map. These 6 states cover 22 of 27 filings.
Where the work is
- New York, NY 5
- Boston, MA 4
- Albuquerque, NM 1
- Austin, TX 1
- Beaverton, OR 1
- Carrollton, TX 1
How this is counted
The worksite city on the application, which is where the job is. These 6 cities cover 13 of 27 filings.
- Every sponsor that files it, by state, approval rate, offered wage and time to a decision
- Every filing for it, PERM, wage requests and H-1B, case by case
Who filled these jobs, FY2016 to FY2023
From DOL's old form; the form in use since mid-2023 doesn't carry them. Top six of each.
Country of citizenship
- United Kingdom 31
- India 30
- Canada 23
- China 17
- Australia 14
- Philippines 14
Worker's education
- Bachelor's 92
- Master's 81
- None 52
- Other 17
- High School 7
- Doctorate 5
Visa held when filed
- H-1B 94
- L-1 58
- E-2 19
- F-1 10
- E-3 9
- NOT IN USA 8
Schools
- EAST TENNESSEE STATE UNIVERSITY 3
- PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY 3
- UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI 3
- UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS 3
- AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EDUCATION 2
- BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV 2
Fields of study
- BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 35
- PSYCHOLOGY 7
- EDUCATION 6
- HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT 4
- COMPUTER SCIENCE 3
- ECONOMICS 3
The job itself
What O*NET says the work is, what the market pays it by BLS's survey, its outlook, and DOL's wage levels year by year.
- United States48,050 jobs
- New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJNew York
- Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NHBoston
- Albuquerque, NMAlbuquerque
- Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TXAustin
- Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WABeaverton
- middle half of pay (BLS)
- median
- 10th to 90th percentile
- DOL's Levels I to IV, left to right
- median PERM offer
| Area | BLS median | Level I | Level II | Level III | Level IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | $133,000 | ||||
| New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ | $173,810 | $115,981 | $150,883 | $185,806 | $220,709 |
| Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH | — | $88,150 | $118,102 | $148,075 | $178,027 |
| Albuquerque, NM | $128,980 | $85,634 | $104,333 | $123,032 | $141,731 |
| Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos, TX | $129,940 | $89,149 | $112,382 | $135,637 | $158,870 |
| Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA | $136,120 | $94,494 | $118,186 | $141,877 | $165,568 |
How these figures fit together
BLS surveys employers on what they pay everyone in a job; DOL builds its four levels from the same survey a year later (the July 2026 wage year uses BLS's May 2025 estimates). DOL publishes levels by area, not nationally, so the United States line has none. Levels are hourly in DOL's tables; here they're shown a year at 2,080 hours, as DOL computes them. The metros are the ones holding the most of this job's PERM filings, placed by Census's county files.
The block is the middle half of what employers report paying everyone in this job, citizen or not; the ticks under it are DOL's four prevailing wage levels for that metro, the floors a PERM or H-1B offer is held to. More
DOL's levels for this job in New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ, year by year
Each July DOL resets the four levels from BLS's newest survey. A determination keeps the figures of the year it was issued in.
| Wage year | Level I | Level II | Level III | Level IV |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | $115,981 | $150,883 | $185,806 | $220,709 |
| 2025-26 | $108,056 | $144,560 | $181,064 | $217,568 |
| 2024-25 | $110,760 | $147,264 | $183,747 | $220,251 |
| 2023-24 | $120,702 | $153,899 | $187,075 | $220,272 |
| 2022-23 | $118,331 | $149,198 | $180,066 | $210,933 |
| 2021-22 | $118,144 | $148,366 | $178,589 | $208,811 |
What the job is
Plan, direct, or coordinate the training and development activities and staff of an organization.
- Preparation
- Considerable Preparation Needed
- O*NET Job Zone 4
- DOL's education basis
- Bachelor's degree
- Wage year 2026-27, on DOL's Appendix A list
- Jobs, 2025 to 2035
- +6.4%
- About 4,100 openings a year (BLS)
- Typical entry
- Bachelor's degree
- 5 years or more of related work (BLS)
Bright Outlook O*NET OnLine lists this job for rapid growth.
The work, most important first
- Analyze training needs to develop new training programs or modify and improve existing programs.
- Evaluate instructor performance and the effectiveness of training programs, providing recommendations for improvement.
- Plan, develop, and provide training and staff development programs, using knowledge of the effectiveness of methods such as classroom training, demonstrations, on-the-job training, meetings, conferences, and workshops.
- Confer with management and conduct surveys to identify training needs based on projected production processes, changes, and other factors.
- Conduct orientation sessions and arrange on-the-job training for new hires.
- Train instructors and supervisors in techniques and skills for training and dealing with employees.
The education workers in it report
- 71%
Bachelor's Degree
- 7%
Post-Baccalaureate Certificate
- 21%
Master's Degree
Titles people use for it
L and D Director (Learning and Development Director), Learning Manager, Training Director, Training Manager, Education and Development Manager, Organizational Development Manager (OD Manager), Staff Development Director, Staff Training and Development Manager.
Related jobs: Training and Development Specialists, Instructional Coordinators, Industrial-Organizational Psychologists, Management Analysts, Project Management Specialists, Human Resources Specialists.
This section includes information from the O*NET 31.0 Database and O*NET OnLine by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration (USDOL/ETA), used under the CC BY 4.0 license. O*NET® is a trademark of USDOL/ETA. PERM Tracker has modified some of this information (the shares are rounded and only the top tasks are shown); what changed. USDOL/ETA has not approved, endorsed, or tested these modifications.
Against other jobs
Where this sits in the ranking
Ranked 561 of 1,410 by volume: 560 filed at least as many filings, and 849 filed no more.
- Just above
- MEDICAL ASSISTANT 27 filings
- Just below
- Butchers and Meat Cutters 27 filings
Other management roles
Occupations sharing this one's SOC major group, which is carried in the first two digits of the code. More
Occupations sharing this one's SOC major group, which is carried in the first two digits of the code. Wages inside a group still swing hard, because the group holds every seniority level and every metro.
- #547 Advertising and Promotions Managers 29 filings · 1 denied
- #546 Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary 29 filings · none denied
- #583 Fundraising Managers 24 filings · 1 denied
- #534 Farmers, Ranchers, and Other Agricultural Managers 32 filings · 7 denied
- #593 Fitness and Wellness Coordinators 23 filings · 2 denied
- #523 Natural Sciences Managers 35 filings · 2 denied
The same job on H-1B
580 certified H-1B labor condition applications for this occupation since FY2020, offering a median of $129,148 a year; the middle half ran $98,292 to $165,666. By state and year in the salary explorer.
Notes on these numbers
Reading the wage
A floor, not a salary survey: every level and metro mixed. DOL's four wage levels for this job, by area.
What the median is
The median wage employers committed to in federal filings for this occupation. It mixes every experience level and every metro, and it's a floor: the employer must offer at least the prevailing wage DOL determines for the occupation, level and county. Across all PERM filings the middle half of offered wages runs $45,178 to $141,357, so a figure inside that band is unremarkable whichever occupation it belongs to. The levels page reads DOL's OFLC wage search live.
What these numbers don't say
4 notes
- The code is the identity
- This one is SOC 11-3131. Two SOC codes can carry the same job title, so a title that looks duplicated on the ranking is two different occupations. Match on the code when you're checking a specific filing.
- A median isn’t an offer
- It's the middle of all 27 wages committed to for this occupation across the country, entry level and principal alike. The same role's medians swing hard by worksite, which the state map shows directly.
- Approval isn’t about the occupation
- The denial rate moves with what happened in the filing rather than with the job title, so nothing here is a property of Training and Development Managers. The measured factors are on the denial risk page, published as separate rates.
- Nothing here is pending
- All 27 counted here carry a decision date, because every case in DOL's disclosure files does, so a case still waiting is in none of them. The largest filer of this occupation is AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC. Where the queue stands today is on the processing times page.
The window these figures cover: DOL's PERM disclosure files for fiscal years 2024 to 2026, through the third quarter of 2026, 373,939 decided cases. Nothing pending is counted here. How each figure is built
Weighing an offer?
Compare it against this median, then check the state map, where the same occupation's medians swing hard by worksite.
Setting one?
All 1,410 occupations sort together on the wages page, and denial rates show how outcome moves with the offered wage.
Filings newer than DOL's last published file can't be attributed to this occupation until DOL publishes them. The live list on the case search page carries them by employer.
Case data: DOL quarterly disclosure files (flag.dol.gov) · data through Jun 30, 2026 · quarterly
Employers and firms: Derived from DOL's disclosure files · data through Jun 30, 2026 · rebuilt with each quarterly load
O*NET occupation data: O*NET Database, USDOL/ETA (onetcenter.org) · data through Aug 16, 2026 · twice a year
BLS market pay: BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (bls.gov) · data through May 31, 2025 · yearly, each spring
BLS employment projections: BLS Employment Projections (bls.gov) · data through Dec 31, 2025 · yearly, each autumn
DOL wage tables: DOL OFLC wage data downloads (flag.dol.gov) · data through Jul 1, 2026 · yearly, each july
What each source includes
Case data: Decided PERM cases only. A case still waiting isn't in here, so counts and durations describe finished cases.
Employers and firms: Employers, law firms and occupations ranked from decided cases only.
O*NET occupation data: What O*NET says each occupation is and takes: its description, tasks, Job Zone and the education workers report. A description of the job everywhere, not of any one employer's opening.
BLS market pay: What employers report paying everyone in each job, nationally, by state and by metro, from BLS's yearly survey (May of the year named). Citizens and immigrants alike; not PERM offers.
BLS employment projections: BLS's ten-year projection of each job's employment and yearly openings, and the entry education it calls typical. A projection, not a count.
DOL wage tables: The four prevailing wage levels DOL publishes for every job in every area, each wage year from 2021-22, as DOL's own tables print them. The floors an offer is held to, not what anyone was paid.
Cite this page
Waiting on a PERM case?
- When it'll likely be decided
- An email when DOL moves it